Cancer Info

Bone tumors are relatively rare in India. They account for about 5% of all cancers. Primary bone tumors, like osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, are more common in children and young adults, while metastatic bone disease (cancer that has spread to the bones from other sites) is more prevalent in older adults.

Risk factors for bone tumors include:

• Genetic Conditions: Conditions such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and hereditary retinoblastoma increase the risk.
• Age: Many primary bone tumors occur in teenagers and young adults, particularly osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma.
• Previous Radiation Therapy: History of radiation treatment for other cancers can raise the risk of developing secondary bone tumors.
• Certain Benign Bone Disorders: Conditions like Paget’s disease can increase the risk.

Screening for bone tumors typically involves:

• Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to visualize abnormalities in the bones.
• Biopsy: If a suspicious lesion is found, a biopsy may be performed to determine if it is cancerous.

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Pain: Persistent pain in the affected bone, which may worsen over time.
• Swelling: A noticeable lump or swelling near the bone.
• Limited Mobility: Difficulty moving the affected limb or joint.
• Fractures: Unexplained fractures, especially in weak bones.

There is no strong evidence linking smoking or alcohol consumption directly to the development of primary bone tumors. However, maintaining overall health and avoiding these substances can help reduce the risk of various other cancers.

Investigations typically include:

• Imaging Studies: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to evaluate the tumor’s size, location, and effects on surrounding structures.
• Bone Scintigraphy: A nuclear medicine scan to identify active bone lesions.
• Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken from the tumor to confirm diagnosis.

Management depends on the tumor type and stage:

• Localized Tumors: Surgery is often the primary treatment to remove the tumor.
• Advanced Tumors: May require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.

• Amputation: Involves removing the affected limb or part of it to eliminate cancer. It may be necessary for aggressive tumors or if the tumor is too large for reconstruction.
• Limb Salvage Surgery: Aims to remove the tumor while preserving as much limb function as possible. It often involves reconstructive techniques or prosthetics, which can lead to better cosmetic and functional outcomes.

Chemotherapy is often used for aggressive bone tumors, particularly when surgery alone is not sufficient. It involves using drugs to kill cancer cells and is typically administered before or after surgery. Side effects can include nausea, fatigue, and hair loss.

Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It may be used:

• After Surgery: To eliminate remaining cancer cells.
• For Inoperable Tumors: As a primary treatment option for tumors that cannot be surgically removed.

Palliative Care: To relieve symptoms in advanced cases

CyberKnife is a form of stereotactic radiosurgery that delivers focused radiation to tumors. It is particularly useful for:

• Small, localized tumors: Especially those in difficult-to-reach locations.
• Inoperable Tumors: When surgery is not feasible. Benefits include:
• Precision: Minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
• Fewer Sessions: Often requires fewer treatment sessions compared to conventional radiation.

Follow-up appointments are essential for monitoring recovery and detecting any signs of recurrence. These may involve:

• Physical Exams: Regular checks of the surgical site and overall health.
• Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans to monitor for tumor regrowth.
• Blood Tests: To evaluate overall health and detect any issues early.

Rehabilitation can help patients regain strength and function after treatment. This may include:

• Physical Therapy: To improve mobility and strength.
• Occupational Therapy: To assist with daily activities.

  Rehabilitation can help patients regain strength and function after treatment. This may include:

  • Physical Therapy: To improve mobility and strength.
  • Occupational Therapy: To assist with daily activities.
  Counseling: To support emotional and psychological well-being.

• Patients are encouraged to:

  • Stay Active: Engage in regular, gentle exercise as tolerated to improve strength and mood.
  • Avoid Tobacco and Limit Alcohol: These can interfere with recovery and overall health.
  • Get Adequate Rest: Prioritize sleep and relaxation to support the healing process.

Counseling: To support emotional and psychological well-being